Shaun WoodlandWilliam Nell I was five. These children were robbed from me, and I stood desolate. The greeting that they would give you is almost impossible for me to express. What would the breaking of every window be -- any evidence that we are wrong, or that slavery is a good and wholesome institution? Frederick and Anna clawed their way out of desperate poverty, and built a life for their growing family. One thousand eight hundred and three issues, every one set by hand, most by Garrison's own. The pacifist printer chastised Brown for his role in the Pottawatomie killings, and insisted that nonviolence was still the only path to victory. We sit here, all of us, debating this point of law, whether the Constitution says this or that, and in the meantime, day after day, year after year, the slaveholders are free to do their worst. Their ship was due to sail in 13 days. Narrator: For years, John Brown had been trying to divine God's purpose, to make sense of his afflictions. **************************************************************************. R. Blakeslee Gilpin, Historian:Northerners become convinced that Southerners are hell-bent on moving slavery to every part of the country. Narrator:By the fall of 1830, William Lloyd Garrison was back in Boston, doggedly pursuing his dream of an abolitionist newspaper. Garrison told colleagues that he needed to stay with Helen and the new baby. Manisha Sinha, Historian:This is when the South sort of closes itself completely on the issue of slavery. Just over the border from Canada, Rochester was the last stop on the Underground Railroad, the network of safe houses used by slaves fleeing north to safety. The Republican didn't want Garrison's endorsement -- in fact, any connection to the controversial printer would be political poison. few I show my Social Studies classes. Still, Garrison was wary: Lincoln seemed to be hedging. Catering by Jill Chandra Tourtelot By the end of the week, Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel about the evils of slavery had sold 10,000 copies; within two months, 50,000. Tony Horwitz, Author:Brown is not simply evening the score in Kansas. But Frederick Douglass, the man everyone had come to hear, didn't say much of anything at all. Lynn BandoriaRosetta Douglass Film Delaware As he dressed for a prayer meeting a few days after the killing, John Brown knew what God meant for him. . Men and women, black and white, Northerners and Southerners, poor and wealthy, these passionate anti-slavery activists fought body and soul in the most important civil rights crusade in American history. The Proclamation had included an unexpected clause: at last, black men could enlist in the armed services of the United States. We're gonna be able to sort this slavery problem out"? There, Lyman Beecher, one of the country's most famous preachers, had recently moved his family. He mortgaged his house to pay his debts and looked about to give up when a friend arrived from Britain to help. At one of their first appearances, Garrison couldn't even finish his speech as the audience drowned him out with chants of Douglass! While one group tried to halt the proceedings through legal maneuvers, black and white activists mounted a desperate assault on the courthouse where Burns was being held. Northerners began sending clothing and food to the embattled free-soil settlers. Three paper mills feeding three printing presses running 24 hours a day, and still the publisher couldn't keep up. Special Collections, Lavery Library, St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):You were wonderful. Frita Walker That could be accomplished only by amending the Constitution. The New Bedford Whaling Museum An answer key is included. I was raised by my grandmother. He had to be carried from his jail cell to a cot that was set up in the courtroom. That narrative was published in 1845. This viewing guide provides guiding questions for students for ALL the Abolitionists: American Experience and an exit ticket to check for understanding. He says, "Without the presence of your people in this country we wouldn't even have this war." Jenny Kissoon Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):I was so nervous I could barely stand. William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio):My Dear Wife: I am going to try to write you a few lines with my own hand. It was the glory of this man that he could stand alone with the truth, and calmly await the result. And the big question is, "What are we gonna do with all this land acquired from Mexico?" Jordan Swenson John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):A hundred thousand rifles. Sir -- God has placed these mountains here for a reason. Tom Phillips Keyboards, Piano, Cello, Music Like many Northerners, Stowe was deeply disturbed by the Fugitive Slave Law. A few weeks into the tour, the relentless pace and grueling conditions began to tell on Garrison. By 1846 to 1847, Douglass was a household name in the United States. Boston Mob Leaders American Experience: The Abolitionists - amazon.com They fear that persecution and hardships are to grow more and more grievous with every year. Narrator:Douglass hurriedly made his way north, his panic mounting as he realized that his fellow passengers were reading newspaper reports calling for his arrest. John Stauffer, Historian:The Mexican War ultimately increases the size of the United States by virtually 100 percent. Owen McCuen Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):If we fail, we shall go down as we deserve to go down, as a warning to all other nations, which shall come after us. Derrick Brown Tom Watkin, Set Costumers Jim Briggs III But in the fall of 1850, the country stepped back from the brink, when Congress adopted what became known as "The Great Compromise." Julie Roy Jeffrey, Historian:Angelina's religious search was tortured, tortured, tortured. Performed by Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian:It's an expos about, of course, the horrible treatment of slaves. But I believe we have enough to achieve our ends -- with your help. Narrator:Grimk's appeal met the same reception as Garrison's pamphlets. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):Boston has become the hunting ground of merciless man-stealers. Get the rope. David W. Blight, Historian:The Mexican War unshucked slavery. "I live a new life." Southerners perceived a mortal threat, and talked openly of secession. Anthony Burns had fled Virginia and slavery by stowing away on a ship bound for the North. The Compromise of 1850 had strengthened the grip of slaveholders over the federal government, and introduced the notorious Fugitive Slave Law. A meal like this is a rare pleasure these days. That's really what Calvinism is all about. T. Ryder Smith, Edited by Narrator:In the spring of 1833, Harriet and two friends crossed over the river into neighboring Kentucky. Douglass wrote about, world, and his work and influence helped directly in, - All 3 Episodes - Worksheets and Keys PDF & Digital Bundle, These Video Response Worksheets and Keys are based on, . James Brewer Stewart, Historian:Nat Turner's rebellion is a tremendous point of departure. Dylan Frayser What is this? Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):I can't let it be! Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College / Allen & Rowell She thinks he is the most amazing man, that he is filled with a passion of abolition. A universal panic seems to be drawing nearer than ever before. I'd hoped to meet you long before this. Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, University of Rochester Library Frederick Douglass named his abolitionist newspaper, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! W. Caleb McDaniel, Historian:When he started his abolitionist campaign as a printer, one could still hope in the early 1830s that maybe arranging types in a case, stringing words together into sentences, publishing articles against slavery, might persuade the nation to rid itself of slavery. Printing Press Footage Shot by Paul Searle at Type A Press What are you talking about? Many wondered whether it would disappear altogether. Steve AnnanTheodore Weld William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):My mother left me too. Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks, audio):Dear Friend Garrison: Slavery, our enemy, has landed in our very midst. Pop Peterson After four decades and 1,803 issues, William Lloyd Garrison closed his abolitionist newspaper. The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco From here, we can strike a blow against the slave masters. Boston Athenaeum TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. He trains them, teaches them, and sends them off to give talks. He traveled around the Northeast, gathering a handful of allies among white reformers, but not enough to support his venture. James Brewer Stewart. Carol Berkin, Historian:She believed slavery was a sin and that God would punish people who had slaves. Narrator:When Douglass questioned Garrison's doctrines at a meeting of the Anti-Slavery Society, he was branded an enemy. Narrator:Douglass listed dates, places, and, most dangerous of all, his owner's name. The abolitionist movement was an organized effort to end the practice of slavery in the United States. Still, Southern repression of free speech allowed the abolitionists to link the slavery issue with the cause of civil liberties for whites. Maxine Bentley Frederick Douglass (Richard Brooks):My mother? Jarrod Russell Center City Film & Video, Philadelphia, PA John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):My friend, the world will remember what we do here. Students complete a lesson on abolitionism that is structured around film clips from American Experience: The Abolitionists. It was the first time he could walk into any public establishment and not have someone kick him out. She was more or less on her own as she struggled with very deep and troubling issues about herself and her relationship to God. But by that time in the South, if you did you were taking a serious risk. Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Historian:Most fugitives, if they knew anything about the route to freedom, it was follow the North Star. Women did not strike out, white women did not strike out on their own in this way, and Southern white women certainly did not. I feel, my Theodore, that we are the two halves of one whole, two bodies animated by one soul, and that the Lord has given us to each other. Dexter Wuest, Catering Travis McGuire The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Gift of Hallmark Cards, Inc. David W. Blight, Historian:That was in some ways the turning point of Frederick Douglass's life, and certainly the turning point in the historical life of African Americans. Carol Berkin, Historian:Angelina thinks he walks on water. The abolition movement sought to end the practice of slavery in the United States. John Brown (T. Ryder Smith):The pleasure is ours, Mr. Douglass. PDF TRANSCRIPT EXCERPTS from THE ABOLITIONISTS, PBS AMERICAN EXPERIENCE Jeremy Flora What began as a pacifist movement fueled by persuasion and prayer became a fiery and furious struggle that forever changed the nation. Rather than backing down, Garrison upped the ante: Because the Constitution itself was corrupt, he charged, the Union was fatally flawed. A few months earlier, scores of abolitionists had descended on New York for a training session. You don't do it by playing on the outrage. All is uncertain. Walter Craigie Melissa Merry "Here you see your handiwork. Jeff Clanet Choir (Actors): to mansions in the skies, / I bid farewell to every fear, / And wipe my weeping eyes. Angelina Grimk (Jeanine Serralles):It is my duty Mrs. Grimk (Crystal Cupp):It is not your duty, Angelina! John Seaborne William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff, audio):Just God! The questions are designed so that they occur at a regular pace to keep the students engaged but not overloaded. She said she never had such an easy time with a baby, and indeed it was the first baby she was able to nurse herself. But he understood that his personal testimony could help transform the struggle. Thirty years after the former 13 American colonies abandoned the Articles of Confederation "in order to form a more . Stephen G. Shifflette, Set Dressers I never imagined William Lloyd Garrison (Neal Huff):You have an opportunity to strike a blow for the slaves who continue to suffer as we speak. He telegraphed ahead with instructions to destroy the contents of his desk. Elizabeth Heslep, Digital Imaging Technicians Vladimir Rachkovsky Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? William Lloyd Garrison felt that he was destined to do great things, but he had no idea how to get there. This is from Season 1 Episode 2 Year: 2013, This download is made up of thirty questions, which will help your students to better comprehend, . Narrator:President Lincoln himself had suggested that Garrison come to Charleston. Frederick Douglass. It had once seemed likely that it would disappear in the South as well, but no more. I was nothing before. Bobby Jones Doug Sloans Loveable Llamas, Historic Horses, and Etc. Others thought it lunacy for a reform movement to ignore politics, or to insist that supporters refrain from voting. Narrator:For eight months, Garrison toiled away in almost complete obscurity. It reveals how the movement shaped history by exposing the fatal flaw of a republic founded on liberty for some and bondage for others, setting the nation on a collision course. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- and I WILL BE HEARD. Gramercy Post. Narrator:Shields Green and the other captives had already been sentenced to hang. Jim Briggs III By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their age as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters to keep their slaves thus ignorant. Paul Stober I never saw joy before. Centre Hill Museum, Petersburg, VA And they realize that they're in danger. Let the Christian women of the South arise, and salvation is certain. Narrator:Uncle Tom's Cabintriggered a wave of defiance to the Fugitive Slave Law. He never forgives Douglass. The infighting left the abolition movement fragmented and disheartened. 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