Comprehensive school programs that promote healthy school environments, health and nutrition literacy, and physical activity are one of the six key areas for ending childhood obesity recommended by WHO [45]. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The school nurse will be an integral member of a child's larger healthcare team, assuring implementation of the plan of care and providing timely information from the school health record about student response to care. Quality appraisal of primary studies. High overlap can contribute to biased results [15]. The records that school nurses keep in their daily care of over 95% of U.S. school-aged children provide an important window into child health in our nation. AMSTAR 2 classifications and results. All rights reserved. Another limitation is that this overview only included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and other controlled study designs where health professionals delivered the intervention. In addition, both the Healthy School Report Card and the Healthy Schools Inventory may be used to collect data for evaluation.Are there requirements to use a school health assessment?Yes, in some states and districts. Schools offer a unique opportunity toimplement effective health services at scale forchildren and adolescents. The formula for the CCA is: Outcome measures were collected from included studies. A SR on sexual health interventions for prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sub-Saharan African countries found that educational interventions were successful in increasing knowledge and attitudes for participants (Table 3F) [35]. It's especially important to keep IEP and 504 plan records. Body and Mind Classroom Resources for Teachers, Unit 6: Mental Health, Child Development, & Hygiene, Unit 7: Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Nutrition, physical activity/physical education through 8 content areas loosely aligned with Coordinated School Health (CSH), Nutrition, physical activity, asthma, sexual health, safety, and tobacco, structured around the eight-component CSH model; assessment is customized by users selection of topics, 11 characteristics of a healthy school and community model that incorporates the eight-component CSH model and effective teaching and learning indicators, based on the development of the whole child, Assessment and planning; evaluation tool for the Healthy Schools Program, Assessment and planning; compatible with a School Improvement Plan, PDF and paper version; access to Online Analysis Tool (OAT), On-site technical assistance sessions for selected sites, Training manual, free on-site workshops, technical assistance, Online resources, trainings, consultancy, and technical assistance, School champion enters information online after consulting with others, Completed inventory generates an action plan based on local priorities, Team creates an action plan based on assessment results using online tool or available template, Healthy School Improvement Plan is created automatically once data is entered into OAT; completed Online Analysis Tool generates a Healthy School Improvement Plan, Resource database and technical assistance based on the inventory; national recognition program, Resources through Web site and partner organizations. Higgins and OSullivan assessed the FRIENDS for Life program, a manual-based cognitive behavioral anxiety prevention program comprised of ten sessions with developmentally-tailored programs for different age groups [32]. This means they may be reviewed by teachers and other school ocials who have a legitimate educational interest in the information. Mostcountries have some form of SHS, but many suchprogrammes currently are not evidence-based,are not implemented well, are underfunded and/orare delivered with limited reach and scope. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212603, Editor: Danuta Wasserman, Karolinska Institutet, SWEDEN, Received: February 5, 2019; Accepted: May 27, 2019; Published: June 12, 2019. Evans and colleagues reviewed seven RCTs from China, India, and Tanzania on vision screening for correctable visual acuity deficits at or before school entry (Table 3H) [21]. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. What should I do if I am participating in a program that requires one assessment and the state requires a different one?You can request help from the three organizations listed in this document. David Anthony Ross, Affiliation: The Advantages of Digitizing School Health Records Digitalization of documents is becoming more popular. Here are the product of records till keepand why they're important. A majority of the studies (80%) were given low or critically low levels of confidence. School Records: Aim, Types, Maintenance & Cumulative Records Characteristics of included systematic reviews. Finally, creative therapy interventions seem to be effective for indicated populations of school-age children, such as children with autism spectrum disorder [23,33]. Hardware interventions included provision of sanitary products and software interventions focused on menstrual management education. http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/gshi/en/, http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Pages/WASH.aspx, http://www.who.int/school_youth_health/resources/information_series/en/, https://data.worldbank.org/?year_high_desc=false, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012595.pub2/full, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005023.pub3/full, http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub2/abstract, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002280.pub2/abstract, https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups, https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/cms/Default.aspx?tabid=2418, http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment, https://www.iapb.org/resources/school-eye-health-guidelines/, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43027/924159215X_eng.pdf;jsessionid=7E674C27FAC37B003AB96A2DC13C7407?sequence=1, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204176/9789241510066_eng.pdf?sequence=1, http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight, http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. It is important to note that any health records that the school receives from outside providers will most likely be considered school health records. Meta-analysis of the six studies showed statistically significant short-term benefits for weekday sleep time, weekend sleep time, and mood [20]. A health book contains the names of students/Pupils who brings complains to the clinic, . From the limited amount of information available in existing systematic reviews, the strongest evidence supports implementation of anxiety prevention programs, indicated asthma education, and vision screening with provision of free spectacles. Access to education and safe and supportive schoolenvironments have been linked to better healthoutcomes. These SRs must assess routine, multi-component school health services and the characteristics that make them effective, with special attention to content, quality, intensity, method of delivery, and cost. The 2017 Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) Why every school needs an EHR system - Frontline Education Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Funding issues. importance of keeping school records which include the following: 1. This implies that a narrower range of SRs would have been eligible if a stricter cut-off had been selected, and vice versa. Small but statistically significant effect sizes were found in favor of the intervention for mean plaque levels and oral hygiene, but no statistical significance was found for change in gingivitis indices [27]. methodology and select findings, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex C. Systematic overview of systematic reviews of comprehensive school health services: methodology and select findings, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex D. Systematic reviews of the effectiveness and acceptability of comprehensive school health services: methodology, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex E. Systematic reviews of the effectiveness and acceptability of comprehensive school health services: evidence summaries, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex F. Systematic reviews of the effectiveness and acceptability of comprehensive school health services: GRADE evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision table, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex G. Survey of expert opinion on school health services: methodology and select findings, WHO guideline on school health services: Web Annex H. Menu of interventions with WHO resources, Maternal, Newborn, Child & Adolescent Health & Ageing. Because all three school health assessments are based on best practices and focus on known youth health risks, many of the assessment items are similar. Ukraine war latest: Russia makes first comments on missile strikes The grading system is available in Tables E and F in S6 Appendix. . Why Certain School Records Are Important to Keep - Understood To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. In 1995, WHO launched the Global School Health Initiative, which aimed to strengthen approaches to health promotion in schools. Public Health Reports School health services staff also are responsible for coordinating care by communicating with the students family and health care providers so that they can stay healthy and ready to learn. S6 Appendix. In a sensitivity analysis that we conducted comparing systematic* with systematic review we found that the number of search results increased almost three-fold, but did not reveal any new articles that would eventually have met the subsequent eligibility criteria (search results available on request). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. The most promising evidence from a SR was on topical application of fluoride gel for the prevention of dental caries [25], although the necessity of this intervention may be questioned where flouridated commerical toothpaste is readily available. Can these assessments be used for data in school improvement planning processes at the state or local level?Yes. Among those approaches, pairing children with health services occupies an important place. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The Importance of Electronic Health Records - Naveen Jindal School of Click to Enlarge | PDF [PDF 466 KB] | JPEG | PNG. Building on a method suggested by Shea and colleagues [17], grades of confidence in the results of each SR were generated based on critical flaws and non-critical weaknesses. Maintaining accurate records is essential to provid- ing quality care and protecting the health and safety of children in child care settings. After removal of 705 articles with definitely ineligible titles/abstracts, 445 full text articles were screened using the ranked inclusion/exclusion criteria (S1 Appendix). In emergencies, school officials can provide information from education records to protect the health or safety of the student or others. Hennegan and Montgomery found a high level of heterogeneity and substantial risk of bias in the included studies overall, thus they were unable to make conclusions about the effectiveness of menstrual management interventions [22]. Furthermore, this overview exposes a mismatch between the SR literature on effectiveness of school health services and the actual school health services that are most commonly delivered. The sixth study assessed a 4-day program in Brazil. Given the wide reach of schools [8] and the fact that school health services already exist in at least 102 countries [9], research on the effectiveness of school health services in LMIC and LIC must be prioritized in order to fulfill Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 and reach universal health coverage by 2030 [51]. Although at least 102 countries have school health services, there is no rigorous, evidence-based guidance on which school health services are effective and should be implemented in schools. This overview makes an important first step toward that guideline. The full list of the specific reasons for exclusion of full texts is available in Table A within S3 Appendix. However, the leading causes of death and disability beyond self-harm and depressive disorders are currently not addressed. Why Certain School Records Are Important to Keep CDC twenty four seven. Excellent School Records Behaviour for Effective Management of You can review and change the way we collect information below. This overview presents multiple effective interventions that may be offered as a part of school health services delivered by a health provider. Thus, responsibility for interventions may need to be redistributed in countries with limited access to health professionals. More than half of included SRs analyzed mental health and oral health interventions, and no SRs were found that assessed other relevant health areas, such as vaccinations, communicable diseases, injuries, etc. Arora and colleagues did not find any RCTs that looked at the effectiveness of dental health screening versus no screening on improving oral health outcomes, but their search did locate six RCTs from the United Kingdom and India with dental care attendance as the outcome [18]. This overview primarily found evidence for special research interventions, suggesting a need for assessment of routinely-delivered school health services. Only three SRs [18,21,25] were scored as having moderate levels of confidence and just one [30] was given a high level of confidence. For example, the exclusion of observational studies limits the ability of this overview to assess interventions where controlled studies may be unethical or impractical, such as for an intervention that has been clearly shown to be effective when delivered in a different context and the school health service program wishes to include it. Two SRs on dental health screening [18] and behavioral interventions for caries prevention [30] found limited evidence of effectiveness. The AMSTAR 2 checklist [17] was used to appraise quality of included SRs. There is no definitive guidance on how to correct for overlap, as both including or excluding overlapping SRs presents potentially biased results [13,15]. 80% (n = 16) of SRs included in this overview were given ratings of low or critically low confidence using the AMSTAR 2 checklist, although this is not unusual given the stringency of the checklist. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. McDonald and Drey narratively assessed group-based art therapy as an intervention for children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), moderate to severe behavior problems, or learning disorders [33]. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. It should include not only personal data of the pupil but also his school-attainments, health report, personality traits and participation in activities. Although overviews offer a comprehensive method for synthesizing evidence, they also come with important methodological limitations. Information from school health records will show proof of student health issues that ought to be self-addressed. Brief exploratory review More than half of all suicides in 2021 - 26,328 out of 48,183, or 55% - also involved a gun, the highest percentage since 2001. These reasons for exclusion applied to 183 and 126 SRs, respectively. Further, they strengthen the rigor of included studies and improve decision-making ability. These criteria likely exclude potentially relevant literature. The effectiveness of school-based mental health services was assessed in nine SRs (Table 3C) [19,23,24,28,29,3234,36,39]. Kavanagh and colleagues examined depression and anxiety group counseling programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and found statistically significant reductions of depressive symptoms at both four weeks and three months follow-up [24,39]. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the 20 included SRs. PRISMA flowchart showing reasons for exclusion of potential systematic reviews. In order for policy makers and leaders in school health to make evidence-based recommendations on which services should be available in schools, who should deliver them, and how should they be delivered, more SRs must be done.
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