Here are some frequently asked questions people have about beta thalassemia and COVID-19 vaccines. They do not require any specific treatment. Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. Home isolation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with SARS CoV2 infection: Experience from a developing country. Hemoglobin is the component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body. 1,5% global population . SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Whats the outlook for people who have beta thalassemia? Alpha thalassemia. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. Some of these include: Secondary infections (bacterial infections that develop in people with a viral infection such as COVID-19) may be more common in people with thalassemia, especially those who have had their spleen removed. 10.1111/ejh.13410 All rights reserved. 5, 25, 26, 27 However, no details were provided as to the outcomes and course of the pregnancy in this . rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, bccdc.ca/Health-Info-Site/Documents/COVID-19_vaccine/Thalassemia_Clinical_Guidance.pdf, heart.org/en/beyond-the-table/stories/covid-19-vaccine-is-high-priority-for-cardiac-patients, autoimmuneinstitute.org/vaccine-autoimmune-disease-faq/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8811850/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7321655/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8247188/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9016533/, medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.22278009v1.full, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397014/, ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/downloads/summary-interim-clinical-considerations.pdf, cdc.gov/ncbddd/thalassemia/treatment.html, cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/interim-considerations-us.html, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia, Will COVID-19 Vaccines Give Lifelong Immunity to the Disease? As a result, our understanding of the connection to blood type continues to evolve. You can also have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Its severity varies greatly between people. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people with thalassemia may be at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. The site is secure. 24. (2020). (2022). For example, some of the common complications and coexisting conditions caused by thalassemia may also worsen COVID-19. A few options include: Current recommendations are that for people who have been treated with Reblozyl, the medication should be continued even if a person develops COVID-19 (there is no evidence that it should be stopped). The COVID-19 pandemic is putting a lot of burden on healthcare . Epub 2022 Jul 5. IgA is active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic may affect both the treatment of thalassemia in general and how COVID-19 is treated in people with thalassemia who become infected. It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. "At the end of the day, we're still not sure if blood type makes a difference," said Dr. Russo. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. may help support the immune system's ability to fight infections. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. Current recommendations for those in the United States is that iron chelation therapy be continued unless symptoms of COVID-19 develop. The prevalence among those who were transfusion dependent was roughly the same as people without thalassemia. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia heterozygotes to COVID-19. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or . 2020;91(3):e2020026. Most cases are caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion-dependent or non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. The changing epidemiology of the ageing thalassaemia populations: a position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. (2022). Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus . People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Thalassaemia - NHS It's currently recommended that people with thalassemia who have severe COVID-19 be given blood thinners, though this could change as more is learned. "We still do not understand all the factors at play," said Anupama Nehra, MD, an assistant professor at the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and clinical director of hematology-oncology at Rutgers Cancer Institute at University Hospital. However, the results have been inconsistent and so the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types still isn't clear. Thalassemia Trait (Minor): How Does It Affect You? - Healthline People with thalassemia should assume that they are as likely to become infected as the general population and are more likely to have severe outcomes. Med (Lausanne). Its more common in many of the same parts of the world as alpha-thalassemia. Healthy Living with Thalassemia | CDC 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e2023007. In many cases, alpha thalassemia may also need blood transfusions to manage. While the research is early and there is much left to be learned, people who have thalassemia (at least some types) may be more susceptible to contracting coronavirus and having a serious outcome. In a preprint review of studies from late July 2022, researchers examined how beta thalassemia minor affects outcomes of COVID-19. There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you have beta-thalassemia minor. -, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. Hemoglobin normally is made of four chainstwo alpha chains and two beta chains. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. Beta thalassemia minor and SARS-CoV-2, prevalence, severity, morbidity and mortality: A systematic review study. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. People with certain medical conditions. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. If both parents carry a trait for either alpha- or beta-thalassemia, their child could develop a severe form of the disease. Sotiriou S, et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Thalassemia International Federation urge people with thalassemia to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The first study, conducted by Danish researchers, analyzed data from more than 473,000 people tested for COVID-19 with data from a control group of more than 2.2m non-tested people. Globally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with beta-thalassemia specifically appears to be lower than the general population. 2023 Feb 14;9:1082611. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1082611. Comparing serum ferritin levels during COVID-19 infection and recovery period in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, a single-center study. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Acta Biomed. (2021). Nutrition. Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. Iron overload due to repeated transfusions is the cause of many complications seen with thalassemia, and therefore many people are treated with iron chelation therapy. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10155, De Sanctis VD, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that is associated with a reduction in hemoglobin in red blood cells (RBCs) and, subsequently, insufficient oxygen reaching cells in . You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. People with thalassaemia produce either no or too little haemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. A person with beta thalassemia minor . Getting COVID-19 offers some natural protection or immunity from reinfection with the virus that causes COVID-19.It's estimated that getting COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination both result in a low risk of another infection with a similar variant for at least six months.. eCollection 2023. These drugs can reduce inflammation in blood vessels (endothelial inflammation) during viral infections. What to Know About Thalassemia and COVID-19. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? Exemptions may be granted for people with severe allergies to COVID-19 vaccines or any of their components. (2022). If you only receive the gene from one parent, you carry the trait for thalassemia. Autosomal means the affected genes arent on sex chromosomes. (2020). Some genes contribute to the alpha chain, while others contribute to the beta chain. (2022). Thalassemia is classified as alpha or beta depending on the part of hemoglobin your body isnt producing in adequate amounts. "All may acquire COVID-19 and all should take the recommended precautions to reduce the risk.". EHA and TIF Explore How COVID-19 Is Affecting Thalassemia and SCD Patients. A recent pre-print study has showed a heme attack on the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin by COVID19. Conclusions: government site. 2020 Sep 25;15(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0. Before Your red blood cells are likely to be smaller than is typical. Heavy alcohol drinking is known to further aggravate anemia. Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. Objectives: Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The .gov means its official. Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. Noun P, Ibrahim A, Hodroj MH, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT. Beta Thalassemia Trait (Minor) - Nicklaus Children's Hospital National Library of Medicine Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. If you have concerns, speak with a doctor or healthcare professional about your individual risks. Immunity is your body's ability to protect you from getting sick when you are exposed to an infectious agent ("germ") such as a bacterium, virus, parasite or fungus. Can Being Heterozygous for the Beta-Thalassemia Trait Affect Your Pregnancy? In a very small French study, researchers found that people with thalassemia under the age of 60 had higher rates of severe disease and hospitalization than the general population. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . If you have potential symptoms of beta thalassemia, a doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of the disease. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. Blood. Some of these release special . If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. Impact of IFN-1a in treatment of a COVID-19 patient with beta thalassemia and diabetes mellitus: A case report. Epub 2020 Apr 27. Researchers found inconsistent findings but did identify certain trends suggesting that blood type A might predispose one to increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), or that type O and Rh-negative blood groups might be protective. They often share similar symptoms but have different causes as well as different treatments and severity. Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. Beta-thalassemia causes symptoms related to anemia, including weak or brittle bones, and leads to problems with how your bones develop. (2022). Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. Published 2020 Sep 7. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine can help people with beta thalassemia prevent severe disease and death. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia Heterozygotes to COVID-19. An exception is for people who have already begun the conditioning process for a stem-cell transplant. Several genes contribute to the production of hemoglobin. Your doctor can address any particular concerns you may have. The Johnson & Johnsons Janssen can rarely cause arterial thrombosis, a blood clot in an artery, in people with thrombocytopenia 4 to 30 days after vaccination. In some cases, the inherited mutation can cause the HBB gene to be absent. eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. COVID Increases Risk of Long-Term Brain Injury, Study Shows, COVID Tongue: How a Swollen Tongue Could Indicate COVID-19, Even Mild COVID-19 Infections Increase Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Research Shows, CDC Adds Mental Health Conditions to High-risk of Severe Illness From COVID List, COVID-19 Pneumoniathe Lung Infection Caused by Getting COVID-19, Does Sunlight Kill COVID-19 and Does Vitamin D Prevent It? With thalassemia trait, your red blood cells are smaller than those in people who dont have the trait. The people with hidden immunity against Covid-19 - BBC Future Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Although epidemiologic evidence concerning the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in these patients is currently lacking, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant challenge for .
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